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The impressionist movement originated in Paris, France, 1874, shortly after the end of the France-Prusso war. The artstyle rejected many traditional painting methods enforced by scholars. Its vivid colors and carefree paint strokes were a topic of debate between those who conformed to "refined" painting styles such as neoclassicism which had smoother and deeper colors reminiscent of realism. However, as more artists began to adopt this painting style it grew its popularity into America with Mary Cassatt becoming one of the leading pioneers of the impressionist art style in the country.
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During this time in history, women were still restricted by the societal norms expected of them — being housewives and pursuing feminine hobbies. As a result, women who tried to become artists were belittled as their male counterparts did not believe they were capable of understanding the complexities of painting. But despite the obstacles, women preserved through academic institutes, mentors, and self-teaching.
Mary Cassatt was born on May 22, 1844 in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. She began studying in Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts despite her family's objections. Cassatt eventually decided to leave the institute due to the ridicule from her male classmates and lack of real teaching. She moved to Paris in 1866 to continue her studies.
As she advanced her career as an artist, she eventually caught the attention of Edgar Degas (a French impressionist regarded as one of the founders) of whom she admired to join the impressionist exhibitions. With her contribution to exhibitions and connections with wealthy families, her artwork was soon recognized by American art collectors. As her popularity slowly grew in America, Cassatt became America's leading female impressionist, selling multiple of her works whilst supporting women through her art.